Coal
Key Notes :
Definition of Coal:
Coal is a black or brownish-black sedimentary rock that is primarily composed of carbon along with various other elements like hydrogen, sulfur, oxygen, and nitrogen.
Formation of Coal:
- Coal is formed from the remains of ancient plants that lived millions of years ago.
- These plant remains were buried under layers of soil and rock, subjected to heat and pressure over time, and transformed into coal.
- This process is called carbonization.
Types of Coal:
Coal is classified into four main types based on carbon content and usage:
- Anthracite: The highest carbon content and most efficient.
- Bituminous: Used for electricity generation and industry.
- Sub-bituminous: Lower carbon content and heating value.
- Lignite: Least carbon content, used in electricity generation.
Uses of Coal:
- Fuel: Used in thermal power plants to generate electricity.
- Industrial Usage: Utilized in steel production and cement manufacturing.
- By-products: Produces coke, coal tar, and coal gas.
Environmental Impact:
- Burning coal releases greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide, contributing to global warming.
- Mining coal can lead to deforestation, habitat destruction, and pollution.
- Acid rain can occur due to sulfur dioxide emissions from coal combustion.
Coal Mining Methods:
- Surface Mining: Extracting coal from the earth’s surface.
- Underground Mining: Accessing coal deposits deep within the earth.
Alternative Energy Sources:
As coal contributes to pollution, renewable energy sources like solar, wind, and hydropower are promoted as alternatives.
Future of Coal:
- With increasing awareness about environmental issues, the reliance on coal is decreasing.
- Focus is shifting towards clean coal technologies and sustainable energy practices.
Let’s Practice!
