Percent of a number: VAT, discount and more

Key notes:

🔢 What is a Percent?

• Percent (%) means “out of 100”.
• Example:
  • 25% = 25 out of 100 = 25/100 = 0.25

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🧮 Finding the Percent of a Number

Formula:
👉 Percent of a number = (Percent ÷ 100) × Number

• Example:
  • 20% of 500
    = (20 ÷ 100) × 500
    = 100

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💸 Discount

• A discount is the reduction in the marked price.
• Discount amount = (Discount % ÷ 100) × Marked Price
• Selling Price (SP) = Marked Price − Discount

✅ Example:

• Marked price = ₹1,000
• Discount = 10%
• Discount = 10% of 1,000 = ₹100
• SP = ₹1,000 − ₹100 = ₹900

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🧾 VAT (Value Added Tax)

• VAT is a tax added to the price of goods.
• VAT amount = (VAT % ÷ 100) × Price
• Final Price = Price + VAT

✅ Example:

• Price = ₹800
• VAT = 5%
• VAT = 5% of 800 = ₹40
• Final Price = ₹800 + ₹40 = ₹840

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➕ Increase in Price (Profit / Tax)

• Used when price increases due to tax or profit.
• Increase = (Increase % ÷ 100) × Original Price
• New Price = Original Price + Increase

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➖ Decrease in Price (Loss / Discount)

• Used when price decreases.
• Decrease = (Decrease % ÷ 100) × Original Price
• New Price = Original Price − Decrease

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🔄 Converting Between Forms

• Percent to Fraction:
  👉 Divide by 100
• Percent to Decimal:
  👉 Move decimal two places left
• Example:
  • 15% = 15/100 = 0.15

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🧠 Real-Life Uses of Percent

• 📉 Discounts in shops
• 🧾 VAT and taxes
• 📈 Profit and loss
• 🏦 Interest in banks
• 📊 Marks and results

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⭐ Quick Tip for Students

• Always find the percent value first, then add or subtract based on the question.
• Read carefully: Is it discount (−) or VAT (+)?

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If you want, I can also provide:

• 📝 Worked examples
• ❓ MCQs & word problems
• 📘 Worksheet with answers
• 🎨 Colorful student notes (Canva-ready)

Learn with an example

let’s practice!