Commas with compound and complex sentences

Key notes :

1. Definition of Compound Sentences

• A compound sentence consists of two or more independent clauses (complete thoughts) joined by a coordinating conjunction (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so).
• Example: I wanted to go for a walk, but it started to rain.

2. Using Commas in Compound Sentences

• Place a comma before the coordinating conjunction when joining two independent clauses.
• Example: She loves reading, and he enjoys writing.

3. Definition of Complex Sentences

• A complex sentence contains one independent clause and at least one dependent clause (which cannot stand alone).
• Example: Because it was raining, we stayed indoors.

4. Using Commas in Complex Sentences

• Use a comma to separate the dependent clause from the independent clause when the dependent clause comes first.
• Example: If you finish your homework, you can watch TV.
• Do not use a comma when the independent clause comes first.
• Example: You can watch TV if you finish your homework.

5. Introductory Clauses

• Always use a comma after introductory phrases or clauses that precede the main clause.
• Example: After dinner, we went for a walk.

6. Non-essential Clauses

• Use commas to set off non-essential (non-restrictive) clauses that add extra information but are not necessary for the sentence’s meaning.
• Example: My brother, who lives in New York, is visiting us this weekend.

7. Essential Clauses

• Do not use commas for essential (restrictive) clauses that are necessary to understand the meaning of the sentence.
• Example: The student who studies the hardest will win the award.

8. Common Mistakes to Avoid

• Avoid using a comma to join two independent clauses without a coordinating conjunction (this creates a comma splice).
• Example of a mistake: I love pizza, I eat it every Friday.
• Corrected: I love pizza, and I eat it every Friday.

Let’s practice!🖊️