Commas with non-restrictive elements

Key notes:

Commas with Non-Restrictive Elements

1. Definition:
   • Non-restrictive elements are parts of a sentence that provide additional information but do not change the meaning of the sentence if they are removed.
2. Use of Commas:
   • Commas are used to set off non-restrictive elements from the rest of the sentence. This helps clarify the sentence structure and indicates that the information is extra.
3. Examples:
   • Correct Usage:
     • “My brother, who lives in New York, is visiting us next week.”
     • Here, “who lives in New York” is non-restrictive; it gives extra information about the brother but isn’t necessary for identifying him.
   • Without Commas:
     • “My brother who lives in New York is visiting us next week.”
     • This implies there are multiple brothers, and the one being referred to is the one who lives in New York (restrictive).
4. Common Non-Restrictive Elements:
   • Appositives: A noun or noun phrase that renames another noun.
     • Example: “Dr. Smith, the renowned scientist, will give a lecture.”
   • Non-restrictive Clauses: Clauses that add information but do not limit or specify the noun they modify.
     • Example: “The car, which is red, belongs to my sister.”
5. Identifying Non-Restrictive Elements:
   • Ask yourself: If you remove the element, does the core meaning of the sentence remain the same? If yes, it’s non-restrictive.
   • Look for phrases that add information but aren’t crucial to the sentence’s main point.
6. Practice:
   • Add Commas: Write sentences and practice identifying and setting off non-restrictive elements with commas.
   • Rewrite Sentences: Take restrictive sentences and rewrite them with non-restrictive elements to see how the meaning changes.
7. Common Mistakes:
   • Failing to use commas with non-restrictive elements.
   • Confusing restrictive and non-restrictive clauses.