Form the perfect verb tenses

Key Notes:

Present Perfect Tense

📘 Form: has / have + past participle (V3)
💡 Use: To show an action that started in the past and continues now or has just finished.

✅ Examples:

• I have eaten my lunch. 🍽️
• She has finished her homework. 📚

🧠 Clue Words: already, just, yet, ever, never, recently, so far

Past Perfect Tense

📘 Form: had + past participle (V3)
💡 Use: To show an action that was completed before another action in the past.

✅ Examples:

• I had left before the rain started. ☔
• They had finished dinner when the guests arrived. 🍴

🧠 Clue Words: before, after, when, by the time

Future Perfect Tense

📘 Form: will have + past participle (V3)
💡 Use: To show that an action will be completed before a specific time in the future.

✅ Examples:

• By next week, we will have completed the project. 🏗️
• She will have left by the time you arrive. 🚗

🧠 Clue Words: by tomorrow, by next year, before, in two days

Quick Comparison Table

🔤 Tense	⏰ Time Reference	🧩 Structure	📝 Example
Present Perfect	Past → Now	has/have + V3	She has written a story. ✍️
Past Perfect	Past → Earlier Past	had + V3	She had written a story before school. 🕰️
Future Perfect	Future → Earlier Future	will have + V3	She will have written a story by then. 📅

Tips to Remember

💡 Has → singular subjects (He, She, It) 👩‍🏫
💡 Have → plural subjects (I, You, We, They) 👨‍👩‍👧‍👦
💡 V3 form → same as past participle (e.g., gone, written, eaten, done) 🧾

Practice Sentences

👉 I ____ (complete) my homework. ➡️ have completed
👉 He ____ (finish) the race before others. ➡️ had finished
👉 They ____ (reach) the station by 6 p.m. ➡️ will have reached

Summary

🕓 Perfect tenses = “Have + done” idea (completed action).
📘 Present Perfect → still relevant now.
📙 Past Perfect → finished before another past action.
📗 Future Perfect → will finish before a future moment.