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For centuries, most people believed that the sun orbited Earth. Astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus disagreed. Copernicus believed that all planets, including Earth, orbited the sun. He used maths to support his theory. Like Copernicus before him, Galileo Galilei also used maths to support the idea that all the planets orbited the sun. But Galileo went a step further and came up with new ways to prove this theory. While most religious leaders allowed Copernicus to continue his work even when they opposed his beliefs, religious leaders of Galileo’s time were not so tolerant. They put Galileo under house arrest for his work. Today, it’s accepted knowledge that the planets orbit the sun, not Earth.

These signal words help show the differences and similarities between Nicolaus Copernicus and Galileo Galilei:

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Although poisonous and venomous creatures both produce toxic chemicals that can be deadly, their reasons and methods for delivering these toxins are not the same. Venomous creatures tend to bite, stab or sting to inject their toxins. Poisonous creatures are more passive. Instead of injecting their toxins, poisonous creatures often line their skin with toxic chemicals. Another creature must touch or eat the poisonous creature to feel the effects. Poisonous creatures primarily use their poisons to defend themselves against predators. Venomous creatures, however, use their venom for attack as well as defence, and they sometimes even use it for mating. The venomous male platypus, for example, paralyses rival males by shooting a toxin out of barbs on his feet.

These signal words help show the differences and similarities between poisonous creatures and venomous creatures:

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The American and French Revolutions were separated by time period and location, yet they shared common themes. Like the American Revolution, the French Revolution was a revolt against an oppressive monarchy, which is a form of government in which one person rules, usually a king or queen. In America, the colonists wanted independence from British rule; the French, meanwhile, wanted independence from elite aristocrats in their own country. The two revolutions also shared an emphasis on Enlightenment ideals, which focused on the natural rights of all citizens. That said, the American Revolution sought only to make a change in government. The French Revolution, however, aimed to change far more about society: social structure, economy and religion.

These signal words help show the differences and similarities between the American Revolution and the French Revolution: